frdA

Escherichia coli

Sequence

                GTGCAAACCTTTCAAGCCGATCTTGCCATTGTAGGCGCCGGTGGCGCGGGATTACGTGCTGCAATTGCTGCCGCGCAGGCAAATCCGAATGCAAAAATCGCACTAATCTCAAAAGTATACCCGATGCGTAGCCATACCGTTGCTGCAGAAGGGGGCTCCGCCGCTGTCGCGCAGGATCATGACAGCTTCGAATATCACTTTCACGATACAGTAGCGGGTGGCGACTGGTTGTGTGAGCAGGATGTCGTGGATTATTTCGTCCACCACTGCCCAACCGAAATGACCCAACTGGAACTGTGGGGATGCCCATGGAGCCGTCGCCCGGATGGTAGCGTCAACGTACGTCGCTTCGGCGGCATGAAAATCGAGCGCACCTGGTTCGCCGCCGATAAGACCGGCTTCCATATGCTGCACACGCTGTTCCAGACCTCTCTGCAATTCCCGCAGATCCAGCGTTTTGACGAACATTTCGTGCTGGATATTCTGGTTGATGATGGTCATGTTCGCGGCCTGGTAGCAATGAACATGATGGAAGGCACGCTGGTGCAGATCCGTGCTAACGCGGTCGTTATGGCTACTGGCGGTGCGGGTCGCGTTTATCGTTACAACACCAACGGCGGCATCGTTACCGGTGACGGTATGGGTATGGCGCTAAGCCACGGCGTTCCGCTGCGTGACATGGAATTCGTTCAGTATCACCCAACCGGTCTGCCAGGTTCCGGTATCCTGATGACCGAAGGTTGCCGCGGTGAAGGCGGTATTCTGGTCAACAAAAATGGCTACCGTTATCTGCAAGATTACGGCATGGGCCCGGAAACTCCGCTGGGCGAGCCGAAAAACAAATATATGGAACTGGGTCCACGCGACAAAGTCTCTCAGGCCTTCTGGCACGAATGGCGTAAAGGCAACACCATCTCCACGCCGCGTGGCGATGTGGTTTATCTCGACTTGCGTCACCTCGGCGAGAAAAAACTGCATGAACGTCTGCCGTTCATCTGCGAACTGGCGAAAGCGTACGTTGGCGTCGATCCGGTTAAAGAACCGATTCCGGTACGTCCGACCGCACACTACACCATGGGCGGTATCGAAACCGATCAGAACTGTGAAACCCGCATTAAAGGTCTGTTCGCCGTGGGTGAATGTTCCTCTGTTGGTCTGCACGGTGCAAACCGTCTGGGTTCTAACTCCCTGGCGGAACTGGTGGTCTTCGGCCGTCTGGCCGGTGAACAAGCGACAGAGCGTGCAGCAACTGCCGGTAATGGCAACGAAGCGGCAATTGAAGCGCAGGCAGCTGGCGTTGAACAACGTCTGAAAGATCTGGTTAACCAGGATGGCGGCGAAAACTGGGCGAAGATCCGCGACGAAATGGGCCTGGCTATGGAAGAAGGCTGCGGTATCTACCGTACGCCGGAACTGATGCAGAAAACCATCGACAAGCTGGCAGAGCTGCAGGAACGCTTCAAGCGCGTGCGCATCACCGACACTTCCAGCGTGTTCAACACCGACCTGCTCTACACCATTGAACTGGGCCACGGTCTGAACGTTGCTGAATGTATGGCGCACTCCGCAATGGCACGTAAAGAGTCCCGCGGCGCGCACCAGCGTCTGGACGAAGGTTGCACCGAGCGTGACGACGTCAACTTCCTCAAACACACCCTCGCCTTCCGCGATGCTGATGGCACGACTCGCCTGGAGTACAGCGACGTGAAGATTACTACGCTGCCGCCAGCTAAACGCGTTTACGGTGGCGAAGCGGATGCAGCCGATAAGGCGGAAGCAGCCAATAAGAAGGAGAAGGCGAATGGCTGA

The frdABCD genes encode fumarate reductase, a key component of the native redox cofactor regeneration system in Escherichia coli; their deletion eliminates fumarate as a competing electron acceptor, thereby forcing redox balancing through the synthesis of reduced fermentation products such as butyrate [353].

`Gene size:`
`Protein size:`
`Reactions`	R6531
`Compounds affected`	L-alanine , (S)-malate , trans-aconitate , butanoate , (R,R)-2,3-butanediol , pyruvate , (-)-patchoulol , L-aspartate , β-alanine , isobutanol and 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

Databases

`EraGene:`	2112164
`KEGG:`	eco:b4154