an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

ethanolamine

H₂O

glutathione disulfide

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

dethiobiotin

CO₂

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

7,8-diaminopelargonate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

acetoacetate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

phosphonoacetate

(lipoyl)adenylate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

glycerone phosphate

prephenate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

arsenite

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

thiamine diphosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

4-pyridoxolactone

preuroporphyrinogen

oxalosuccinate

lipid IV_A

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

lipid X

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

5-deoxy-α-ribose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

oxaloacetate

porphobilinogen

3-dehydroshikimate

glycolate

2-phosphoglycolate

itaconate

aminoacetone

hydrogen peroxide

DNA without lesion

xanthine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

(S)-dihydroorotate

carbamoyl phosphate

acetyl phosphate

propanoyl phosphate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

2-maleylacetate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

shikimate

thiamine phosphate

carbonic acid

methylsalicylate

salicyl alcohol

citrate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

H₂

succinate semialdehyde

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

homogentisate

L-arginino-succinate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

3'-ketosucrose

autoinducer 2

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate

3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate

3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate

(2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate

(1E,2Z)-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1 (10),2-dien-4-oate

(S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate

5-hydroxy-3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

(2E)-3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-indene-4-carboxylate

3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA

pseudouridine

urea

4-maleyl-acetoacetate

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

7-epicholate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone

α-D-galacturonate 1-phosphate

L-dehydro-ascorbate

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoheme

hydrogen cyanide

DNA with lesion

cyanophycin primer

cyanophycin primer-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine amide

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

L-alanine

glycine

L-proline

L-tryptophan

L-selenocysteine

L-methionine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-cysteine

L-glutamate

L-glutamine

L-tyrosine

L-asparagine

L-aspartate

L-serine

L-lysine

L-threonine

L-arginine

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

AMP

ATP

GTP

5'-deoxyadenosine

ADP

GMP

XMP

GDP

dGDP

dADP

8-oxo-dGMP

8-oxo-dGTP

dGTP

dATP

IDP

ITP

2'-deoxyguanosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

dITP

dIDP

IMP

pppGpp

ppGpp

adenylo-succinate

dGMP

dAMP

8-oxo-GMP

8-oxo-GTP

ADP-α-D-glucose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-perosamine

GDP-α-D-mannuronate

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-α-D-glucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galacturonate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

adenine

guanine

uracil

preQ₁

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

UDP

CDP

UTP

CTP

CMP

UMP

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

adenosine

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

cytidine

uridine

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

D-gluconate

L-gulonate

aldehydo-L-galactonate

3-dehydro-D-glucopyranose

D-galactosylononitol

galactinol

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

β-D-fructofuranose

glycolaldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycerol

maltotriose

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

sucrose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

D-ononitol

catechol

ethanol

methanol

methylglyoxal

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

1-propanal

menadione

diacetyl

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

aldehydo-D-glucuronate

pristanate

palmitate

decanoate

octanoate

butanoate

linoleate

oleate

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate

α-linolenate

phytenate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

4-hydroxybenzoate

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

phenol

menadiol

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

indole

(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

preQ₀

7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

N¹⁰-formyldihydrofolate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

riboflavin

FAD

FMN

FMNH₂

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

thiamine

L-ascorbate

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

4-pyridoxate

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

trans-dienelactone

cis-dienelactone

L-galactono-1,4-lactone

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

itaconyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate

3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

3α,7α,12β-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate

cholate

glycocholate

isocholate

3-dehydrocholate

androst-4-ene-3,17-dione

androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

9α-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione

3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

spermidine

putrescine

cadaverine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

thiosulfate

selenide

superoxide

hydrogensulfite

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

dimethyl sulfide

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

thiocyanate

S-sulfanylglutathione

hydroxyl radical

monodehydroascorbate radical

2-octaprenylphenol

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose