an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

2-dehydropantoate

2-maleylacetate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

urea

propanoyl phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

(S)-5-hydroxyisourate

(S)-2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

L-selenocystathionine

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

acetoacetate

4'-phosphopantetheine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

pimeloyl-CoA

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

orotidine 5'-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-succinylglutamate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

DNA without lesion

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

7,8-diaminopelargonate

selenophosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

glycerone phosphate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

coproporphyrinogen III

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

oxaloacetate

citrate

oxalosuccinate

phosphoenolpyruvate

CO₂

H₂O

ammonia

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

aminoacetone

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid IV_A

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

glutathione disulfide

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

xanthine

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

homogentisate

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

dethiobiotin

(R)-pantothenate

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

ethylphosphate

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-III

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminopropanoate

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

preQ₀

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

superoxide

sulfite

selenide

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

hydroxyl radical

pristanate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

dehydrospermidine

spermidine

methanethiol

glutathione

(2R)-phospho-3-sulfolactate

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3-methylglutaconyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

isovaleryl-CoA

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

chenodeoxycholate

cholate

7-oxolithocholate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

menadione

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

2'-deoxyguanosine

GMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

IMP

XMP

dADP

dATP

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

dGDP

dGTP

AMP

ADP

ATP

GTP

GDP

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

adenylo-succinate

hypoxanthine

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

uridine

cytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dCDP

dUDP

UDP

CDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

GDP-α-D-mannose

preQ₁

uracil

adenine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

coenzyme A

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

thio-molybdenum cofactor

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

(+)-dihydrokaempferol

(+)-taxifolin

(+)-dihydromyricetin

(2R,3S,4S)-leucocyanidin

(2R,3S,4S)-leucopelargonidin

2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone

kaempferol

quercetin

myricetin

urate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

protocatechuate

menadiol

4-aminobenzoate

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

methanol

ethanol

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

spirilloxanthin

2-hydroxyspirilloxanthin

2,2-dihydroxyspirilloxanthin

spheroiden-2-ol

2,2-dihydroxyspheroidene

spheroidene

spheroiden-2-one

demethylspheroidene

demethylspheroidenone

2'-hydroxy-2-oxospirilloxanthin

2',2'-dihydroxy-2-oxospirilloxanthin

2,2'-dioxospirilloxanthin

2-oxospirilloxanthin

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

L-aspartate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

propanoate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

stearate

palmitate

oleate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

L-kynurenine

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-serine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-cysteine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-leucine

L-alanine

L-tryptophan

L-proline

L-methionine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-ornithine

L,L-diaminopimelate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine