an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

dialurate

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

urea

3-keto-L-gulonate

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

L-dehydro-ascorbate

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

4-aminoimidazole

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3-ureidopropanoate

2-iminoacetate

autoinducer 2

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

quinolinate

hydrogen selenide

O-acetyl-L-serine

3-dehydroshikimate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

L-canavanine

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

5-aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

α-ribazole

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

hydrogenobyrinate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogen peroxide

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

chloramphenicol

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

pyruvic oxime

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

ammonia

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

12α-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA

12α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

3-oxocholoyl-CoA

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

aminoacetone

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

(S)-dihydroorotate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

dihydrolipoamide

lipoamide

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene-5'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol

isopentenyl diphosphate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

histidinal

histidinol

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

prenyl diphosphate

oxalosuccinate

acetyl phosphate

dihydroxyacetone

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

selenophosphate

4-pyridoxolactone

glycerone phosphate

xanthine

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

(S)-ureidoglycolate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

CO₂

carbamoyl phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carbon monoxide

deoxycholoyl-CoA

7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

12α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA

7-α,12-α-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-enoate

12-α-hydroxy-3 oxochola-4,6-dienoate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

phosphoenolpyruvate

H₂O

hydroxylamine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

4-methylphenol

L-homocysteine

adenosylcobalamin

cobalt-factor III

cobalt-precorrin-3

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobalt-precorrin-7

cobalt-precorrin-8

cobalt-precorrin-6B

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-6A

cobalt-precorrin-4

cobalt-precorrin-5A

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobyrate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cobyrinate

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoheme

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

superoxide

monodehydroascorbate radical

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

preQ₀

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

coenzyme A

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

FMNH₂

FMN

FAD

FADH₂

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

L-ascorbate

thiamine

nicotinate

nicotinamide

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

D-serine

L-serine

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-leucine

glycine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-glutamine

L-aspartate

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-cysteine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

L-selenocysteine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-methionine

L-ornithine

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

3-phospho-L-serine

N-formimino-glycine

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trimethyl sulfonium

selenite

selenate

selenide

thiosulfate

hydrogencarbonate

molybdate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

ammonium

H⁺

K⁺

Mg²⁺

Cd²⁺

Co²⁺

Fe²⁺

dimethyl sulfide

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

glycerol

ethanol

(25R)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oate

lithocholate

chenodeoxycholate

deoxycholate

cholate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

allantoate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

(S)-(+)-allantoin

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

D-threo-isocitrate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

formate

propanoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

acetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

α-D-galactopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

a methyl group

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

ADP-α-D-glucose

cyclic ADP-ribose

ADP-D-ribose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

L-fuculose

D-xylulose

maltotetraose

maltotriose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

sucrose

succinyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

choloyl-CoA

(25R)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

8-hydroxypurine

6,8-dihydroxypurine

urate

chloramphenicol 3-acetate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropterin-6-ylmethyl-4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

adenine

guanine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

xanthosine

guanosine

adenosine

inosine

purine

hypoxanthine

dGTP

dATP

dGDP

dADP

GTP

ATP

GDP

ADP

IMP

XMP

GMP

AMP

hydantoin

sirohydrochlorin

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

precorrin-3B

precorrin-4

precorrin-5

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

dCTP

dUTP

dTDP

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

dUDP

CDP

dCMP

dCDP

UTP

dUMP

dTMP

dTTP

uridine 3'-monophosphate

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

UDP

uracil

CTP

cytidine

uridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymine

UMP

CMP

preQ₁

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

cyclic-AMP

adenylo-succinate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

5'-deoxyadenosine

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate