an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

(S)-dihydroorotate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

formate

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

shikimate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

oxaloacetate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

glycolate

2-phosphoglycolate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

CO₂

coproporphyrinogen III

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate-enol-lactone

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(lipoyl)adenylate

α-ribazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

histidinol

histidinal

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

mycothione

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogenobyrinate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

glycerone phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

formamide

citrate

thiamine diphosphate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

DNA without lesion

thiamine phosphate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

isochorismate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

pimeloyl-CoA

pimelate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

hydrogen peroxide

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

urea-1-carboxylate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

prephenate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

xanthine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

acetyl phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

O-acetyl-L-serine

H₂

2-dehydropantoate

S-formylmycothiol

S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

5-aminolevulinate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

dihydrogeranylgeranyl diphosphate

tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl diphosphate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

shikimate 3-phosphate

mercuriphenyl acetate

hydrogen selenide

glutathione disulfide

urea

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

dialurate

glutathioselenol

selenodiglutathione

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

quinolinate

ammonia

4-oxoglutaramate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

FMN

FMNH₂

FAD

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

demethylmenaquinol-8

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2-chloroacetate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

Hg⁰

protoporphyrinogen IX

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

adenosylcobalamin

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)alamin

cobyrinate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

ethylphosphate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

GTP

dGTP

ATP

dATP

dADP

GDP

ADP

dGDP

AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

IMP

ITP

dIMP

dITP

XMP

XTP

5'-deoxyadenosine

IDP

dIDP

GMP

ppGpp

pppGpp

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

adenylo-succinate

8-oxo-dGTP

isoguanine

8-oxo-GTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

dCTP

dUTP

dTTP

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

(S)-NADPHX

(R)-NADPHX

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

ADP-α-D-glucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

adenine

guanine

uracil

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

riboflavin

reduced riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-8x

precorrin-7

precorrin-6B

precorrin-5

precorrin-4

precorrin-6A

precorrin-3B

precorrin-3A

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

(R)-acetoin

menadione

diacetyl

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

α-D-ribofuranose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α,α-trehalose 6-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

glycerol

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

D-xylulose

α,α-trehalose

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

phytyl diphosphate

dimeric urushiol peroxide

3-[(8Z,11E,13Z)-pentadeca-8,11,13-trien-1-yl] )catechol

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

18-hydroxyoleate

trehalose-trans-methoxy-mono-mycolate

6-O-trans-methoxy-mycolyl-trehalose 6-phosphate

trehalose-cis-keto-mono-mycolate

6-O-cis-keto-mycolyl-trehalose 6-phosphate

α, α'-trehalose 6-α-mycolate

6-O-α-mycolyl-trehalose 6-phosphate

trehalose-trans-keto-mono-mycolate

6-O-trans-keto-mycolyl-trehalose 6-phosphate

trehalose-cis-methoxy-mono-mycolate

6-O-cis-methoxy-mycolyl-trehalose 6-phosphate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

tributyrin

1,2-dibutyrin

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

ethanol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

8'-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-alkenyl)phenyl-3-[9'E,11'E,13'Z-pentadecatrienyl]catechol

protocatechuate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-cysteine

L-threonine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-asparagine

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-methionine

L-valine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-alanine

L-proline

L-tryptophan

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-ornithine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-isoglutamine

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

3-phospho-L-serine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

D-serine

β-alanine

L-citrulline

O-phospho-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

L-canaline

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

palmitate

stearate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

decanoate

butanoate

oleate

phytenate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

3-oxoadipate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

2-oxoglutarate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

benzene

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

menadiol

D-alanyl-D-alanine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

mycothiol

glutathione

deacetylmycothiol

methanethiol

Fe³⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Hg²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

K⁺

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

selenite

OH^-

sulfate

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate