an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

L-dehydro-ascorbate

(R)-pantothenate

aminoacetone

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

hydrogen selenide

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

α-D-galacturonate 1-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

autoinducer 2

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

pseudouridine

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

phosphoenolpyruvate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

thiamine phosphate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

thiamine diphosphate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

prenyl diphosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

anthranilate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

lipid IV_A

H₂O

isopentenyl diphosphate

(S)-2-acetolactate

urea

carboxynorspermidine

3-dehydroquinate

hydrogen peroxide

L-histidinol phosphate

norspermidine

pimeloyl-CoA

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

indole-3-ethanol

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

quinolinate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

oxalosuccinate

7,8-diaminopelargonate

coproporphyrinogen III

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

CO₂

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

glycerone phosphate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

shikimate 3-phosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminuronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

2-dehydropantoate

(enterobacterial common antigen)-undecaprenyl diphosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

O-acetyl-L-serine

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

imidazole acetol-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

pimelate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

acetyl phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

prephenate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

5-aminolevulinate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

N⁴-{N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1,2)-α-D-mannosyl-(1,3)-[N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1,2)-α-D-mannosyl-(1,6)]-β-D-mannosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine

4-guanidinobutyramide

4-guanidinobutanoate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

carbamoyl phosphate

acrylamide

acetoacetate

acrylate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

histidinal

2-iminoacetate

histidinol

carbonic acid

core oligosaccharide-lipid A (E. coli K-12 core type)

porphobilinogen

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

ammonia

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

preuroporphyrinogen

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

dethiobiotin

H₂

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

selenophosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

citrate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

oxaloacetate

lipid X

(S)-dihydroorotate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

7-epicholate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

enol-phenylpyruvate

coenzyme A

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

guanylyl molybdenum cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

L-ascorbate

nicotinamide

nicotinate

thiamine

riboflavin

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

glycolaldehyde

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

methylglyoxal

D-glyceraldehyde

diacetyl

dimethyl sulfide

methanethiol

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-ornithine

L-canaline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

L-selenocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

L-valine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-aspartate

L-histidine

L-threonine

L-cysteine

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-tryptophan

L-asparagine

L-alanine

L-serine

glycine

L-arginine

L-proline

L-phenylalanine

L-tyrosine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-cystathionine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

D-aspartate

β-alanine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

3-phospho-L-serine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

FMN

FAD

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

(indole-3-yl)acetonitrile

acrylonitrile

preQ₀

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

4-aminobenzoate

(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

3α,7α,12β-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate

3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

cholate

3-dehydrocholate

isocholate

glycocholate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

protoheme

2-octaprenylphenol

ethylene glycol

ethanol

butan-1-ol

(3S)-linalool

(3R)-linalool

(indol-3-yl)acetate

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine amide

D-alanyl-D-alanine

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

Fe³⁺

Fe²⁺

Ni²⁺

Mo²⁺

H⁺

ammonium

trimethyl sulfonium

OH^-

thiosulfate

nitrite

nitrate

sulfate

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

selenide

phosphate

diphosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

monodehydroascorbate radical

hydroxyl radical

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

L-galactono-1,4-lactone

1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

2-18:2(9Z,12Z)-lysophosphatidylcholine

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

geranyl diphosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

galactosyl-glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

galactosyl-(glucosyl)₃-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-phosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A-phosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

sucrose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

UDP-α-D-galactose

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

UDP-α-D-galacturonate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-β-L-fucose

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

β-D-fructofuranose

L-gulonate

aldehydo-L-galactonate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

cis-2-methylaconitate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

pyruvate

acetate

propanoate

formate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

aldehydo-D-glucuronate

(R)-2-hydroxybutanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

palmitate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate 9-phosphate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

dAMP

dGMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

IMP

ATP

ADP

AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

adenylo-succinate

dGTP

XMP

GMP

dATP

5'-deoxyadenosine

GTP

dGDP

GDP

dADP

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

isoguanine

CDP

UDP

UMP

CMP

UTP

CTP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

dTDP

dCDP

dUDP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

thymidine

uridine

cytidine

guanosine

adenosine

preQ₁

adenine

guanine

thymine

uracil

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose