an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

CO₂

3-phosphonopyruvate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

H₂O

hydroxylamine

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

2-iminoacetate

2-dehydropantoate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-ureidopropanoate

selenophosphate

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

salicyl alcohol

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

3-oxopropanoate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

chloroacetaldehyde

(S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

carbamoyl phosphate

citrate

oxaloacetate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

carbon monoxide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

acetyl phosphate

oxalosuccinate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

glycerone phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

chloramphenicol

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

lipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

butanoyl phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

α-ribazole

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogenobyrinate

xanthine

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

4'-phosphopantetheine

tartronate semialdehyde

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

prenyl diphosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

histidinol

histidinal

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

dihydroxyacetone

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

hydrogen peroxide

α-D-glucopyranosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol

coproporphyrinogen III

4-pyridoxolactone

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen selenide

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

(S)-ureidoglycolate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

4-aminoimidazole

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

shikimate

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

dialurate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

hypotaurine

ammonia

pyruvic oxime

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

2-chloroacetate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

ethylene glycol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

hydroquinone

ethanol

methanol

glycerol

putrescine

spermidine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

dimethyl sulfide

2-sulfinoacetaldehyde

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

sulfate

selenate

selenite

selenide

hydrogencarbonate

sulfite

superoxide

thiosulfate

hydrogensulfite

molybdate

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Mg²⁺

Cd²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Ni²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

K⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

nicotinate

thiamine

riboflavin

nicotinamide

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

pyridoxal

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

FAD

FMN

FADH₂

FMNH₂

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

coenzyme A

preQ₀

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoheme

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin

cobyrinate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-4

cobalt-precorrin-6A

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-6B

cobalt-precorrin-8

cobalt-precorrin-7

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobalt-precorrin-3

cobalt-factor III

phosphonoacetaldehyde

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

2-iminobutanoate

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-formimino-glycine

N-carbamoylglycine

N-formyl-L-methionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-serine

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

L-tyrosine

L-tryptophan

L-histidine

L-cysteine

L-glutamine

L-asparagine

glycine

L-serine

L-threonine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-alanine

L-proline

L-leucine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-citrulline

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

ADP

ATP

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

5'-deoxyadenosine

GDP

GTP

GMP

XMP

dADP

dATP

dGDP

dGTP

adenylo-succinate

IMP

cyclic-AMP

2'-deoxyguanosine

hypoxanthine

IDP

ITP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

AMP

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

CDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

ADP-D-ribose

cyclic ADP-ribose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

uridine

cytidine

preQ₁

adenine

guanine

purine

uracil

thymine

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dTTP

dUTP

dCTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

precorrin-3A

precorrin-2

precorrin-6A

precorrin-6B

precorrin-1

sirohydrochlorin

hydantoin

orotate

chloramphenicol 3-acetate

urate

6,8-dihydroxypurine

8-hydroxypurine

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

D-mannonate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

maltotriose

sucrose

melibiose

maltotetraose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

maltopentaose

raffinose

stachyose

glycolaldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

L-fuculose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

(R)-lactaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

butanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

formate

acetate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

D-galactarate

D-glucarate

D-threo-isocitrate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide