an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

CO₂

orotidine 5'-phosphate

DNA without lesion

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

(R)-10-Hydroxystearate

urea

3-oxopropanoate

oxaloacetate

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

(R)-mandelate

(S)-mandelate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

(S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxopent-4-enoate

glycolate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

(S)-2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline

(S)-5-hydroxyisourate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

carbonic acid

CDP-glycerol

(S)-dihydroorotate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

(E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate

acetoacetate

prenyl diphosphate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

carbamoyl phosphate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

glycerone phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

lipid IV_A

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

xanthine

carboxyphosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

formamide

L-canavanine

3-hydroxyanthranilate

anthranilate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

glutathionylspermidine

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

lipid X

citrate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

homogentisate

4-maleyl-acetoacetate

N²-succinylglutamate

urocanate

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

thiamine diphosphate

thiamine phosphate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

coproporphyrinogen III

5-aminolevulinate

2-iminoacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carbon monoxide

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

ethanolamine

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

4'-phosphopantetheine

oxalosuccinate

quinolinate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

2-protocatechuoylphloroglucinolcarboxylate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

2-succinylbenzoate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

chloramphenicol

lanthionine

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

O-acetyl-L-serine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

glutathione disulfide

4-oxoglutaramate

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

aminoacetone

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

bisorganyltrisulfane

chloramphenicol 3-acetate

(indole-3-yl)acetonitrile

hydrogen cyanide

preQ₀

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

methyl red

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

2-chloroacetate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoheme

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

ethylphosphate

phenylacetate

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

DNA with lesion

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-kynurenine

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

L-proline

L-alanine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-serine

L-leucine

β-alanine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-tryptophan

L-phenylalanine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-aspartate

L-asparagine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-canaline

L-ornithine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

D-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-saccharopine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L-cystathionine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-isoglutamine

D-alanine

D-proline

D-lysine

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

trans-aconitate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

palmitate

laurate

stearate

13-[O(2')-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]docosanoate O(6'')-acetate

13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate

sophorosyloxydocosanoate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

oleate

4-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-lactate

formate

nicotinamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-retinal

all-trans-retinol

β-carotene

15,15'-dihydroxy-β-carotene

β-carotene 15,15' epoxide

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GDP-α-D-mannose

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

glycerol

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

ethanol

methanol

phytate

D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)-pentakisphosphate

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

methylglyoxal

caldariellaquinone

4-hydroxybenzoate

urate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

(2R,3S,4S)-leucocyanidin

(2R,3S,4S)-leucodelphinidin

(2R,3S,4S)-leucopelargonidin

(+)-taxifolin

(+)-dihydromyricetin

(+)-dihydrokaempferol

myricetin

quercetin

kaempferol

caldariellaquinol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

adenine

guanine

XMP

IMP

AMP

GMP

ATP

GTP

ITP

ADP

GDP

IDP

dGDP

dADP

dIDP

dGTP

dATP

dITP

dGMP

dAMP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FMN

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

preQ₁

isoguanine

uracil

CTP

dTTP

UTP

dUTP

dCTP

UDP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

dUMP

dTMP

dUDP

dTDP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

coenzyme A

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

cyclic-AMP

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

(indol-3-yl)acetate

cholate

glycocholate

acetyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

3-methylglutaconyl-CoA

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

isovaleryl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA

phytanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

glutathione

methanethiol

thiocyanate

S-sulfanylglutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

agmatine

spermidine

dehydrospermidine

putrescine

spermine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

Fe³⁺

Cu²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

K⁺

H⁺

hydrogencarbonate

sulfite

thiosulfate

OH^-

hydrogensulfite

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate