an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

mercuriphenyl acetate

3-dehydroquinate

glutathione disulfide

quinolinate

urea

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

β-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

ethanolamine

O-acetyl-L-serine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

L-selenocystathionine

prenyl diphosphate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

thiamine phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

xanthine

anthranilate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

DNA without lesion

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

salicyl alcohol

2-dehydropantoate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

hydrogen peroxide

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

histidinal

histidinol

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

hydroxypyruvate

tartronate semialdehyde

glutathionylspermidine

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

3-oxopropanoate

acetyl phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

diethylthiophosphate

dimethylthiophosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

glycolate

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

prephenate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

autoinducer 2

coproporphyrinogen III

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

oxalosuccinate

succinate semialdehyde

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4'-phosphopantetheine

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

glycerone phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

citrate

carboxyphosphate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

oxaloacetate

phosphoenolpyruvate

CO₂

carbamoyl phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

chlorite

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

L-canavanine

H₂O

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

diethylphosphate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-dihydroorotate

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

ethylphosphate

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

protoporphyrinogen IX

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

Hg⁰

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(R)-citramalate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

parathion

paraoxon

4-nitrophenol

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Zn²⁺

Hg²⁺

Fe²⁺

OH^-

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

putrescine

spermidine

glutathione

methanethiol

S-sulfanylglutathione

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

nicotinate

thiamine

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

menadione

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

pppGpp

dGMP

dAMP

dIDP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

ppGpp

hypoxanthine

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

GMP

ITP

IDP

dGTP

GTP

dATP

IMP

XMP

adenylo-succinate

dADP

ADP

dGDP

GDP

ATP

AMP

dITP

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

GDP-α-D-mannose

ADP-α-D-glucose

uracil

adenine

guanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

reduced riboflavin

orotate

benzene

amino-parathion

methyl parathion

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

4-aminophenol

hydroquinone

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

enterobactin

menadiol

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

methanol

ethanol

glycerol

1D-chiro-inositol

scyllo-inositol

myo-inositol

1-keto-D-chiro-inositol

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

scyllo-inosose

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

maltotriose

raffinose

stachyose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

sucrose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

D-ribulose

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

iron(III) dicitrate

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

succinate

L-aspartate

fumarate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

decanoate

octanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

palmitate

stearate

α-linolenate

linoleate

phytenate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

(R)-pantoate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-serine

L-cysteine

L-tyrosine

glycine

L-asparagine

L-threonine

L-glutamine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-phenylalanine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-tryptophan

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

seleno-L-homocysteine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-methionine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

hypoglycin A

L-canaline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

meso-diaminopimelate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

hypoglycin B

L-cysteinylglycine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine