an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

glycerone phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

CO₂

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

citrate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-deoxygluconate

xanthine

coproporphyrinogen III

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

acetyl phosphate

oxalosuccinate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

carbamoyl phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

salicyl alcohol

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

L-selenocystathionine

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

urea

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

oxaloacetate

histidinol

histidinal

(S)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogenobyrinate

propanoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

thiamine diphosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

citraconate

DNA without lesion

(lipoyl)adenylate

prephenate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

hydrogen peroxide

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

oligosaccharide with β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-α-D-xylopyranose at the reducing end

oligosaccharide with β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-β-D-xylopyranose at the reducing end

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

ectoine

(2S)-4-acetamido-2-aminobutanoate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

O-acetyl-L-serine

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

methylsalicylate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

glutathione disulfide

quinolinate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

L-histidinol phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

OH^-

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Ni²⁺

Co²⁺

Mo²⁺

Zn²⁺

Mn²⁺

Ca²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

Na⁺

H⁺

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

(R)-citramalate

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

hemin

protoheme

cobyrinate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

DNA with lesion

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

L-homocysteine

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

2-octaprenylphenol

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

preQ₀

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

3-phospho-L-serine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-serine

L-aspartate

L-cystathionine

L-tryptophan

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-glutamine

L-threonine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-alanine

L-tyrosine

L-phenylalanine

L-2,4-diaminobutanoate

L-ornithine

L-lysine

L-proline

L-histidine

L,L-diaminopimelate

D-alanine

D-glutamate

β-alanine

glycine

L-citrulline

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

L-canaline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

acetate

pyruvate

formate

(R)-lactate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

succinate

fumarate

3-oxoadipate

salicylate

protocatechuate

D-mannonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

D-tagaturonate

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

palmitate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

tetraprenyl-β-curcumene

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

all-trans-retinol

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

sucrose

4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

stachyose

unsaturated gellan tetrasaccharide

raffinose

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Glcp

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

glycerol

D-sorbitol 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

keto-D-fructose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-xylopyranose

α-D-xylopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

keto-L-rhamnulose

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

methanol

hydroquinone

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

urate

4-hydroxybenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

adenine

guanine

AMP

XMP

IMP

GMP

ATP

GTP

GDP

ADP

dGDP

dADP

dATP

dGTP

dGMP

dAMP

hypoxanthine

xanthosine

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FMN

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

preQ₁

isoguanine

uracil

CTP

UTP

dUTP

dCTP

dTMP

dUMP

UDP

CDP

dCDP

dUDP

dCMP

dipicolinate

dTTP

dTDP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

8-oxo-dGMP

8-oxo-dGTP

ppGpp

pppGpp

8-oxo-GMP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

methanethiol

glutathione

betaine aldehyde

agmatine

spermidine

putrescine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

hydroxyl radical