an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

autoinducer 2

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

glycolate

(S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

selenophosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

urea-1-carboxylate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

3-oxopropanoate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-maleylacetate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

3-phosphooxypyruvate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

O-acetyl-L-serine

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(S)-mandelate

(R)-mandelate

carbonic acid

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-deoxygluconate

3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

acetyl phosphate

(R)-pantothenate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

acetoacetate

DNA without lesion

O-ureido-L-homoserine

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

L-selenocystathionine

hexulose 6-phosphate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

histidinal

histidinol

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-iminoacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate

(2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate

(2E,4Z)-2-hydroxymuconate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate

2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate

oxalate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate

hydrogen peroxide

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

(S)-2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-2,3-dioxopentyl 1-phosphate

2-hydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)-3-oxopent-1-enyl 1-phosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

urea

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

quinolinate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

anthranilate

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

glycerone phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

coproporphyrinogen III

oxalosuccinate

CO₂

oxaloacetate

citrate

phosphoenolpyruvate

xanthine

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

H₂O

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

2-dehydropantoate

hydrogen selenide

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

glutathione disulfide

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-III

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(R)-citramalate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

preQ₀

(indole-3-yl)acetonitrile

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

Na⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Mo²⁺

Mn²⁺

Zn²⁺

superoxide

nitrite

sulfite

selenate

hydrogencarbonate

nitrate

sulfate

hydrogensulfite

selenide

selenite

OH^-

phosphonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

ferrichrome

glycine betaine

choline

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

methanethiol

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

taurine

3-sulfocatechol

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

methylacrylyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

phytanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)acetate

riboflavin

nicotinate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

menadione

FADH₂

FAD

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

2'-deoxyguanosine

GMP

hypoxanthine

5'-deoxyadenosine

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

GTP

GDP

XMP

ADP

ATP

AMP

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

preQ₁

uracil

adenine

guanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

baicalein

6,7-dehydrobaicalein

urate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate

catechol

4-methylcatechol

3-methylcatechol

menadiol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

4-aminobenzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

butan-1-al

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

1-octanal

(S)-lactaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-xylopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

α-D-lyxopyranose

butan-1-ol

methanol

ethanol

1-octanol

D-sorbitol

L-iditol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

raffinose

stachyose

sucrose

keto-L-sorbose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

D-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

L-fuculose

keto-L-rhamnulose

β-L-fucopyranose

α-L-fucopyranose

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

daunorubicin

D-gluconate

D-galactonate

D-mannonate

L-idonate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

tetraprenyl-β-curcumene

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

betanidin

betanidin quinone

(S)-(+)-allantoin

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

chorismate

L-aspartate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

octanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

decanoate

sophorosyloxydocosanoate

13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate

13-[O(2')-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]docosanoate O(6'')-acetate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

α-linolenate

linoleate

stearate

palmitate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

D-tagaturonate

carbamate

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-cysteine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-tryptophan

L-phenylalanine

L-alanine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-proline

L-methionine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

D-aspartate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-ornithine

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

seleno-L-homocysteine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-canaline

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine