an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

phosphoenolpyruvate

H₂O

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

5-methylcytosine

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

4'-phosphopantetheine

glycerone phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

CO₂

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

oxalosuccinate

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

citrate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

oxaloacetate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

butanoyl phosphate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

DNA without lesion

urea

L-canavanine

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

glycolate

N5-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

xanthine

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

salicyl alcohol

coproporphyrinogen III

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

histidinal

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

formate

N-carbamoyl-D-phenylglycine

D-phenylhydantoin

porphobilinogen

preuroporphyrinogen

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

2-dehydropantoate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

propanoyl phosphate

acetyl phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

dihydroxyacetone

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminuronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

dihydrolipoate

5-aminopentanoate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

hydrogen peroxide

2-iminoacetate

acetoacetate

α-ribazole

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminylamine

N⁴-(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-2,3-dioxopentyl 1-phosphate

1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one

2-hydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)-3-oxopent-1-enyl 1-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

carbonic acid

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

prephenate

glutathione disulfide

dialurate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate

(2R,4S)-2, 4-diaminopentanoate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

quinolinate

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-threonine

L-aspartate

glycine

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-phenylalanine

L-serine

L-proline

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-leucine

L-alanine

L-histidine

L-asparagine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

L-canaline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

D-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

D-nopaline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-threonine 3-O-phosphate

3-phospho-L-serine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

D-glutamate

D-proline

D-alanine

D-aspartate

β-alanine

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

D-mannonate

orotate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

butanoate

palmitate

laurate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

(R)-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-glycerate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

phlorisovalerophenone

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

3-[(8Z,11E,13Z)-pentadeca-8,11,13-trien-1-yl] )catechol

dimeric urushiol peroxide

ferrichrome

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

deoxyhumulone

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

ADP-α-D-glucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

arbutin-6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

α-L-fucopyranose

β-L-fucopyranose

β-D-fructofuranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

L-fuculose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycerol

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltotriose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

hydroquinone

8'-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-alkenyl)phenyl-3-[9'E,11'E,13'Z-pentadecatrienyl]catechol

ethanol

butan-1-ol

methanol

methylglyoxal

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

diacetyl

urate

demethylmenaquinol-8

4-methylphenol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

adenine

guanine

AMP

XMP

IMP

GMP

ATP

GTP

ITP

ADP

GDP

IDP

dGDP

dADP

dIDP

dGTP

dATP

dITP

dGMP

dAMP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydropteroate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

thio-molybdenum cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

FMN

riboflavin

uracil

cytosine

thymine

preQ₁

isoguanine

UDP

CDP

dCDP

dUDP

UTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCTP

CTP

dUTP

dTTP

dTDP

dCMP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

5-fluorouracil

adenosylcobalamin

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

ppGpp

pppGpp

cyclic-AMP

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

adenylo-succinate

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluorocytosine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

cob(I)alamin

ethene

cholate

glycocholate

acetyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

(2R)-phospho-3-sulfolactate

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

(2R)-3-sulfolactate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

spermidine

putrescine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

nitrate

hydrogencarbonate

nitrite

OH^-

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Mo²⁺

Co²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

Na⁺

H⁺

K⁺

2-chloroacetate

preQ₀

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoheme

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

adenosylcobyrate

ethylphosphate

DNA with lesion