an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

1-pyrroline

shikimate

(S)-ureidoglycolate

2-maleylacetate

(2E,4Z)-4-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate

creatinine

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

glutathione disulfide

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

mycothione

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

methylsalicylate

nicotine-1'-N-oxide

N,N-dimethylaniline

N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide

acetyl phosphate

N-carbamoylputrescine

mycothiol-arsenate conjugate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

xanthine

3-ureidopropanoate

N-methylhydantoin

urea-1-carboxylate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

2-succinylbenzoate

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate

salicyl alcohol

imidazole acetol-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

L-canavanine

acetoacetate

urea

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

3-phosphooxypyruvate

chlorite

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(S)-dihydroorotate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

DNA without lesion

carbonic acid

(lipoyl)adenylate

2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

tartronate semialdehyde

coproporphyrinogen III

preuroporphyrinogen

5-aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate

cyclohexanone

ε-caprolactone

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

prenyl diphosphate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

mercuriphenyl acetate

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

L-selenocystathionine

histidinal

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

glycolate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

quinolinate

2-hydroxy-cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA

2-ketocyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA

2-dehydropantoate

hydrogen peroxide

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propanoyl-CoA

1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-1D-myo-inositol

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinol

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-oxopropanoate

4-aminobutanoate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

prephenate

glycerone phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

citrate

oxaloacetate

anthranilate

oxalosuccinate

succinate semialdehyde

H₂O

isopentenyl diphosphate

CO₂

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

hippurate

L-homocysteine

phenylacetate

hydrogen cyanide

protoheme

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

Hg⁰

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(S)-ureidoglycine

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

K⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Hg²⁺

Mn²⁺

Co²⁺

Zn²⁺

Mo²⁺

hydrogensulfite

OH^-

arsenate

superoxide

thiosulfate

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

nitrate

sulfate

phosphonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

glycine betaine

betaine aldehyde

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

4-aminobutanal

spermidine

spermine

cadaverine

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

γ-L-glutamyl-[(S)-allyl]-L-cysteine

S-allyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-methyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

mycothiol

glutathione

thiocyanate

deacetylmycothiol

methanethiol

S-sulfanylglutathione

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

methylacrylyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxobutanoyl)-CoA

6-trans-3-oxo-tridecenoyl-CoA

4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-butanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxohexanoyl)-CoA

(5E)-3-oxo-dodec-5-enoyl-CoA

(3E)-dec-3-enoyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

6-cis, 3-oxo-tridecenoyl-CoA

4-cis-undecenoyl-CoA

4-trans-3-oxo-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

5-cis, 7-trans-3-oxo-tetradecadienoyl-CoA

(3Z,5E)-dodeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-hexanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxooctanoyl)-CoA

succinyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

(3Z)-dodec-3-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

hexanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoA

4-methyl-3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxododecanoyl-CoA

3-oxooctanoyl-CoA

3-oxodecanoyl-CoA

3-oxohexanoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-oxotetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-palmitoyl-CoA

3-oxo-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-myristoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-4-pregnene-20-carboxyl-CoA

3,22-dioxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

riboflavin

all-trans-retinol

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydromethanopterin

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

FAD

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

dIDP

dITP

pppGpp

ppGpp

hypoxanthine

5'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

ITP

IDP

adenylo-succinate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dATP

dGTP

GTP

GMP

AMP

IMP

XMP

dADP

dGDP

GDP

ADP

ATP

xanthosine

guanosine

adenosine

inosine

cytidine

uridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

ADP-α-D-glucose

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

hydantoin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

orotate

4-hydroxybenzoate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

4-hydroxyacetophenone

benzene

phenylacetaldehyde

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

phenol

hydroquinone

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate

catechol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

benzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

1-octanal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-L-arabinopyranose

ethanol

methanol

1-octanol

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

selaginose

α,α-trehalose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

D-xylulose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

(S)-nicotine

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

allantoate

(S)-(+)-allantoin

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

L-aspartate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

(3E,5R)-5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

decanoate

octanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

palmitate

stearate

α-linolenate

linoleate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-asparagine

L-threonine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-cysteine

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-phenylalanine

L-alanine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-tryptophan

L-proline

L-methionine

N-carbamoylsarcosine

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-ornithine

L-cystathionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

3-phospho-L-serine

S-methyl-L-cysteine

sarcosine

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-methionine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-canaline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine