an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

phosphoenolpyruvate

CO₂

oxaloacetate

H₂O

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

quinolinate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-dihydroorotate

hydrogen peroxide

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

O-acetyl-L-serine

orotidine 5'-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

prenyl diphosphate

prephenate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

DNA without lesion

4'-phosphopantetheine

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

glycerone phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

α-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

lipid IV_A

α-ribazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

thiamine phosphate

norspermidine

carboxynorspermidine

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

urocanate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

glycolate

2-maleylacetate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

2-phosphoglycolate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

hydroxypyruvate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

lipid X

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

xanthine

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

2-succinylbenzoate

(R)-mandelate

(S)-mandelate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

isochorismate

thiamine diphosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

histidinol

histidinal

2-dehydropantoate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

glutathione disulfide

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

dialurate

ammonia

aminoacetone

enol-phenylpyruvate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

FMN

FMNH₂

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

demethylmenaquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

2-chloroacetate

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

(R)-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobyrate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

ADP

ATP

GDP

adenylo-succinate

IMP

GTP

AMP

GMP

XMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

ppGpp

pppGpp

dADP

dGDP

hypoxanthine

cyclic-AMP

dATP

dGTP

8-oxo-dGTP

isoguanine

8-oxo-GTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

cytidine

uridine

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

guanine

adenine

uracil

preQ₁

7,8-dihydrolumazine

tetrahydromethanopterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydropterin

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

orotate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

menadione

all-trans-retinal

acetaldehyde

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

D-gluconate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

maltotetraose

maltotriose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

β-carotene

15,15'-dihydroxy-β-carotene

β-carotene 15,15' epoxide

geranyl diphosphate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

18-hydroxyoleate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

carbamate

L-cysteine

L-asparagine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-aspartate

L-glutamate

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-methionine

L-phenylalanine

L-alanine

L-leucine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-cystathionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-saccharopine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

β-alanine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

3-sulfino-L-alanine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

palmitate

stearate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

decanoate

oleate

phytenate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

(R)-lactate

pyruvate

acetate

formate

chorismate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

2-oxoglutarate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

4-aminobenzoate

(R)-pantoate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

succinyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

trans-dienelactone

cis-dienelactone

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

coenzyme A

preQ₀

urate

menadiol

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

methanethiol

glutathione

Fe³⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

hydrogensulfite

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate