an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

α-ribazole

porphobilinogen

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

thiamine diphosphate

cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

dihydroxyacetone

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

carboxynorspermidine

norspermidine

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

DNA without lesion

acetyl phosphate

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

(S)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate

phosphocholine

isopentenyl diphosphate

glycolate

histidinal

histidinol

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

prephenate

shikimate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

quinolinate

H₂

coproporphyrinogen III

L-β-lysine

carbonic acid

hydrogen peroxide

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

urea

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

citrate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

hydrogenobyrinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

L-histidinol phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

oxalosuccinate

glycerone phosphate

hydrogen selenide

O-acetyl-L-serine

oxaloacetate

CO₂

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

H₂O

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

ammonia

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

dialurate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

glutathione disulfide

2-maleylacetate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

xanthine

deethylsimazine

N-ethylammeline

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

propanoyl phosphate

2-isopropylmaleate

selenophosphate

2-iminoacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine dimer

N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine

N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine trimer

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-carbamoylputrescine

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

(S)-dihydroorotate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

chloroacetaldehyde

prenyl diphosphate

acetoacetate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

phenylacetate

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobinamide

cobalt-precorrin-4

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-6A

Mg-protoporphyrin

adenosylcobyrate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

ethene

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

FMNH₂

FMN

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

ubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

hydroxyl radical

superoxide

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

selenate

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

thiosulfate

sulfate

hydrogensulfite

selenite

OH^-

selenide

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

methanethiol

glutathione

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

3-sulfino-L-alanine

choline

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

agmatine

spermidine

spermine

putrescine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

4-hydroxybenzoate

urate

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

enterobactin

4-aminobenzoate

preQ₀

coenzyme A

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

thio-molybdenum cofactor

thiamine

riboflavin

nicotinate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

(+)-7-epi-jasmonate

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

benzoyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(2R,3R)-3-methylornithinyl-N⁶-lysine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

chorismate

succinate

L-aspartate

fumarate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

cis-aconitate

cis-homoaconitate

(2R)-homocitrate

D-threo-isocitrate

pyruvate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

butanoate

octanoate

laurate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

18-hydroxyoleate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

α-linolenate

linoleate

stearate

palmitate

oleate

phytenate

D-mannonate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

L-kynurenine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-serine

(R)-β-lysine

β-alanine

L-alanine

L-leucine

glycine

L-proline

L-glutamine

D-glutamate

L-glutamate

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

(3R)-3-methyl-D-ornithine

D-alanine

L-saccharopine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

3-phospho-L-serine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-valine

L-ornithine

L-cystathionine

L-isoleucine

L-selenocysteine

L-methionine

L-cysteine

L-threonine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-asparagine

L-citrulline

L-pyrrolysine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

glycerol

butan-1-ol

geranyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

β-D-fructofuranose

keto-D-fructose

D-xylulose

D-ribulose

L-ribulose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

CDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CDP-α-abequose

CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucose

GDP-α-D-mannuronate

GDP-α-D-perosamine

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

butan-1-al

acetaldehyde

precorrin-8x

dipicolinate

CTP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

uracil

CDP-choline

dUMP

dCMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

dTMP

dTDP

UTP

CMP

UMP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

hypoxanthine

guanine

adenine

isoguanine

preQ₁

xanthosine

guanosine

adenosine

inosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

ATP

GTP

ITP

ADP

GDP

IDP

GMP

IMP

XMP

AMP

dGTP

dATP

dITP

dGDP

dADP

dIDP

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

pppGpp

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

cyclic-AMP

ppGpp

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA