an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde

chlorate

2-iminoacetate

hypotaurine

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

dialurate

pyruvic oxime

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

1-(methylsulfanyl)xylulose 5-phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

quinolinate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

ammonia

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

selenophosphate

hydrogen selenide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

5-aminolevulinate

α-D-galactosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol

H₂

dethiobiotin

CO₂

coproporphyrinogen III

glycerone phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

5-oxo-L-proline

H₂O

histidinol

histidinal

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

L-selenocystathionine

phosphoenolpyruvate

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid X

lipid IV_A

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

carbon monoxide

carbonic acid

7,8-diaminopelargonate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-canavanine

prephenate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

acetyl phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

oxaloacetate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

L-tartrate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-deoxy-α-ribose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

pimeloyl-CoA

(R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol

pimelate

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

α-ribazole

2-succinylbenzoate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

isochorismate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

xanthine

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

glycolate

2-phosphoglycolate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

carbamoyl phosphate

hydrogenobyrinate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

citrate

estrone 3-sulfate

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

thiamine diphosphate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

dihydromethanophenazine

CoB-CoM heterodisulfide

methanophenazine

coenzyme B

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

hydroxylamine

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

oxalosuccinate

dihydroxyacetone

N²-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N²-succinyl-L-ornithine

hydroxypyruvate

butanoyl phosphate

3-ureidopropanoate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

N²-succinylglutamate

4-acetamidobutanoate

4-acetamidobutanal

3-hydroxypropanal

1,3-propanediol

4-guanidinobutyramide

(S)-dihydroorotate

glutathionylspermidine

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

DNA without lesion

chlorite

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

2-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

4-aminoimidazole

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

gallate

1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene

pyrogallol

phloroglucinol

dihydrophloroglucinol

3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate

3-hydroxy-5- oxohexanoyl-CoA

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

thiamine

riboflavin

nicotinate

nicotinamide

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

FADH₂

FAD

FMN

FMNH₂

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

3-demethylubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

coenzyme A

coenzyme M

preQ₀

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

superoxide

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

Mg-protoporphyrin

siroheme

protoheme

protochlorophyllide a

chlorophyllide a

3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-4

cobalt-precorrin-6A

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-6B

cobalt-precorrin-8

cobalt-precorrin-7

cobalt-precorrin-3

cobalt-factor III

13¹-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

13¹-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

cobalt-precorrin-2

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cobyrinate

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

phenylacetate

DNA with lesion

4-methylphenol

L-homocysteine

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-glutamine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-serine

glycine

L-leucine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-citrulline

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-aspartate

L-asparagine

L-methionine

L-threonine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-cysteine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-cystathionine

L,L-diaminopimelate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

N-formimino-glycine

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

S-methyl-L-methionine

D-methionine

D-aspartate

D-alanine

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysine

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2'-deoxyadenosine

dGMP

dAMP

GDP

dGDP

dADP

pppGpp

GTP

ppGpp

5'-deoxyadenosine

ADP

ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

XMP

IMP

hypoxanthine

GMP

dATP

dGTP

ITP

IDP

dITP

dIDP

AMP

adenylo-succinate

2'-deoxyguanosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dIMP

XTP

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

uridine

cytidine

preQ₁

guanine

adenine

purine

thymine

uracil

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

dTTP

dUTP

dCTP

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

precorrin-5

precorrin-4

precorrin-3B

precorrin-3A

precorrin-6B

precorrin-8x

precorrin-7

precorrin-6A

sirohydrochlorin

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

hydantoin

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

protocatechuate

salicylate

4-coumarate

4-aminobenzoate

benzoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-oxoadipate

octanoate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

butanoate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

(R)-pantoate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

(3E,5Z)-tetradecadienoate

palmitate

apo-4'-lycopenoate

leukotriene-E4

leukotriene-D4

salicylaldehyde

4-hydroxybenzoate

urate

6,8-dihydroxypurine

8-hydroxypurine

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

benzaldehyde

(3E,5Z)-tetradeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-trans-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans-6-trans-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-nonanoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-undecanoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-2-enoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-cis-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans,6-cis-tridecadienoyl-CoA

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

apo-4'-lycopenal

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

ferrichrome

isobutanoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(3S)-citryl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

benzoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

(2E,5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

estrone

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

sucrose

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycolaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribopyranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

a thiol group

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

(S)-lactaldehyde

(R)-lactaldehyde

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

1-octanal

butan-1-al

ethylene glycol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

butan-1-ol

ethanol

spermidine

putrescine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

methanethiol

2-sulfinoacetaldehyde

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

trimethyl sulfonium

sulfate

sulfite

selenide

thiosulfate

nitrite

nitrate

hydrogensulfite

hydrogencarbonate

perchlorate

molybdate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

Cd²⁺

Cu²⁺

Mg²⁺

Co²⁺

Fe²⁺

Mn²⁺

H⁺

ammonium