an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

H₂O

L-canavanine

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

autoinducer 2

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

oxaloacetate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

CO₂

oxalosuccinate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

coproporphyrinogen III

acetyl phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

hydrogen selenide

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

selenodiglutathione

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

glycolate

hydrogen peroxide

xanthine

glycerone phosphate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N²-succinylglutamate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

carbon monoxide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-pantothenate

2-dehydropantoate

DNA without lesion

quinolinate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(S)-dihydroorotate

prenyl diphosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

glutathioselenol

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

3-ureidopropanoate

prephenate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

dihydroxyacetone

O-ureido-L-homoserine

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

L-tartrate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

3-hydroxypropanal

thiamine phosphate

2-iminoacetate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

selenophosphate

histidinal

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(L-aspartyl)adenylate

(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)adenylate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

citrate

propanoyl phosphate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

hydrogenobyrinate

glutathione disulfide

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,3-propanediol

urea

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

methylglyoxal

acetaldehyde

1-propanal

formaldehyde

diacetyl

protocatechuate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

4-methylphenol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-citrulline

L-proline

glycine

L-serine

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-threonine

L-arginine

L-tryptophan

L-leucine

L-tyrosine

L-histidine

L-alanine

L-aspartate

L-phenylalanine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-lysine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

L-canaline

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

D-aspartate

D-alanine

D-glutamate

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

acetate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

palmitate

laurate

pentanoate

butanoate

4-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-lactate

pyruvate

formate

propanoate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-oxoadipate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

geranyl diphosphate

(2E,4E)-tetradeca-2,4-dienoyl-CoA

(3E)-tetradec-3-enoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-3-enoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-cis-undecadienoyl-CoA

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ADP-α-D-glucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-ribitol 5-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

D-ribulose

L-ribulose

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

maltotriose

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

ethanol

propan-1-ol

methanol

guanine

adenine

AMP

XMP

IMP

GMP

ATP

GTP

ADP

GDP

dADP

dGDP

dATP

dGTP

hypoxanthine

guanosine

xanthosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FMN

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

thymine

uracil

preQ₁

isoguanine

CTP

UTP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

dTMP

dUMP

UDP

dTDP

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

dCTP

dUTP

dTTP

UMP

CMP

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

uridine

cytidine

hydantoin

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-4

precorrin-8x

coenzyme A

5'-deoxyadenosine

cyclic-AMP

ppGpp

pppGpp

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

adenylo-succinate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

phenylacetate

glycocholate

cholate

acetyl-CoA

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

3'-dephospho-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

pentanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

trans-Δ², cis-Δ⁴-decadienoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

methanethiol

putrescine

spermidine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

sulfite

selenite

sulfate

nitrate

molybdate

selenide

OH^-

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Mo²⁺

Ni²⁺

Co²⁺

Fe²⁺

H⁺

K⁺

ammonium

2-chloroacetate

preQ₀

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

DNA with lesion

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate