an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

CO₂

3-oxopropanoate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogenobyrinate

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

3-phosphonopyruvate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

oxaloacetate

thiamine diphosphate

thiamine phosphate

dihydromethanophenazine

CoB-CoM heterodisulfide

methanophenazine

coenzyme B

formamide

dethiobiotin

7,8-diaminopelargonate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

3-hydroxypropanoate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

CDP-glycerol

coproporphyrinogen III

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

α-ribazole

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

glycerone phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

oxalosuccinate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

selenophosphate

carbon monoxide

H₂

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

isopentenyl diphosphate

quinolinate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

shikimate 3-phosphate

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol

coenzyme F₃₉₀-A

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

5-oxo-L-proline

3-ureidopropanoate

2-dehydropantoate

citrate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

porphobilinogen

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

propanoyl phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

urea

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

xanthine

(R)-pantothenate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

3-dehydroquinate

hydrogen peroxide

histidinal

carbonic acid

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid X

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

FK-506

31-O-desmethylFK-506

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

dihydrogeranylgeranyl diphosphate

tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl diphosphate

L-β-lysine

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

DNA without lesion

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

glycolate

4'-phosphopantetheine

acetyl phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

prephenate

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

α-D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate

preuroporphyrinogen

glutathione disulfide

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

acetoacetate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

dialurate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

hydrogen selenide

glutathioselenol

selenodiglutathione

lipid IV_A

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

2,5-dioxopentanoate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

bisorganyltrisulfane

sulfate

molybdate

hydrogencarbonate

sulfite

thiosulfate

selenide

selenate

superoxide

OH^-

selenite

hydrogensulfite

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Mo²⁺

Zn²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

ammonium

K⁺

H⁺

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

2-chloroacetate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

hydrogen cyanide

(indole-3-yl)acetonitrile

preQ₀

2-octaprenylphenol

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

siroheme

protoheme

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

cobyrinate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-4

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

adenosylcobinamide

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

cobalt-precorrin-2

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobalt-precorrin-6A

cobalt-precorrin-6B

cobalt-precorrin-8

cobalt-precorrin-7

cobalt-precorrin-3

cobalt-factor III

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

N₂

ethylphosphate

phenylacetate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-alanine

L-glutamate

L-glutamine

L-serine

L-tryptophan

L-phenylalanine

L-aspartate

L-arginine

L-valine

L-ornithine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-proline

L-leucine

L-histidine

L-isoleucine

L-lysine

L,L-diaminopimelate

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

D-alanine

glycine

β-alanine

(R)-β-lysine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

meso-diaminopimelate

octanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

decanoate

acetate

pyruvate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-oxoadipate

cis-2-methylaconitate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

cis-aconitate

(2R)-homocitrate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

cis-homoaconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

D-galactarate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

protocatechuate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

pristanate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

palmitate

stearate

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

oleate

phytenate

linoleate

α-linolenate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phlorisovalerophenone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

deoxyhumulone

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinylglycine)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

geranyl diphosphate

phytyl diphosphate

all-trans-retinol

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

sucrose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltotriose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ADP-α-D-glucose

β-D-fructofuranose

keto-D-fructose

D-glyceraldehyde

D-xylulose

ethanol

methanol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

menadione

dehypoxanthine futalosine

futalosine

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

menadiol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

adenine

guanine

AMP

IMP

GMP

XMP

ATP

GTP

ITP

ADP

GDP

IDP

dADP

dGDP

dIDP

dATP

dGTP

dITP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

guanylyl molybdenum cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FMN

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

hydantoin

sirohydrochlorin

precorrin-8x

precorrin-7

precorrin-6B

precorrin-3A

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

preQ₁

isoguanine

uracil

thymine

CTP

UTP

dTTP

dTMP

dUMP

dTDP

UDP

dCTP

dCDP

CDP

dUTP

dUDP

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

dCMP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

coenzyme A

coenzyme M

oxidized coenzyme F₄₂₀-2

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

ppGpp

pppGpp

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

cyclic-GMP

cyclic-AMP

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

acetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

thiocyanate

methanethiol

glutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

agmatine

spermine

spermidine

putrescine

dehydrospermidine

N-acetylputrescine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

hydroxyl radical