an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

quinolinate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

isochorismate

(S)-dihydroorotate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

autoinducer 2

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

3-methylbenzyl alcohol

3-methylbenzaldehyde

4-methylbenzyl alcohol

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

DNA without lesion

propanoyl phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

hexulose 6-phosphate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

L-selenocystathionine

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

(lipoyl)adenylate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

ethanolamine

2-succinylbenzoate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

CDP-glycerol

4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

glutathione disulfide

3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

xanthine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

1,3-propanediol

3-hydroxypropanal

salicyl alcohol

2-dehydropantoate

glycolate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

glycerone phosphate

L-quinate

3-dehydroquinate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

2-deoxygluconate

3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

4'-phosphopantetheine

oxaloacetate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

acetyl phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

phosphoenolpyruvate

5-methylcytosine

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

CO₂

dihydroxyacetone

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

3-oxopropanoate

4-aminobutanoate

succinate semialdehyde

H₂O

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

2-iminopropanoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

N¹-acetylspermidine

N-acetylputrescine

N¹-acetylspermine

spermidine

spermine

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

methanethiol

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

CoA-disulfide

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

glycocholate

cholate

(+)-7-epi-jasmonate

riboflavin

nicotinate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

FMNH₂

FMN

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

dAMP

pppGpp

ppGpp

dIDP

dITP

IDP

ITP

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

2'-deoxyguanosine

dGMP

hypoxanthine

XMP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

GTP

adenylo-succinate

GDP

IMP

GMP

ADP

ATP

AMP

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dUTP

dCTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

uridine 3'-monophosphate

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

thymine

cytosine

uracil

adenine

guanine

preQ₁

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

5-fluorocytosine

5-fluorouracil

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

reduced riboflavin

orotate

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

benzyl alcohol

hydroquinone

benzaldehyde

4-methylbenzaldehyde

3-chlorobenzyl alcohol

3-chlorobenzaldehyde

(R)-acetoin

(S)-acetoin

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

butan-1-al

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

1-propanal

(S)-lactaldehyde

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

propan-1-ol

butan-1-ol

ethanol

methanol

glycerol

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

keto-L-rhamnulose

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

salicin 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

sucrose 6^G-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A

4'-α-L-Ara4N-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[P4'-α-L-ara4N]-lipid A

raffinose

stachyose

sucrose

D-gluconate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

sophorosyloxydocosanoate

13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate

13-[O(2')-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]docosanoate O(6'')-acetate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

palmitate

stearate

butanoate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-ornithine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-homocysteine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-tyrosine

L-proline

L-phenylalanine

L-serine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-asparagine

L-aspartate

L-alanine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-cysteine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

D-aspartate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-cystathionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

seleno-L-homocysteine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

formate

propanoate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

DNA with lesion

ethylphosphate

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobinamide

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminosuccinate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

2-octaprenylphenol

preQ₀

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Ca²⁺

OH^-

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical