an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

isopentenyl diphosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

urea

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

oxalosuccinate

CO₂

oxaloacetate

citrate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

H₂O

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

hydrogen selenide

3-dehydroshikimate

autoinducer 2

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

4-aminobutanoate

2-oxoglutaramate

1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

(S)-ureidoglycolate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

glutathione disulfide

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

quinolinate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

urea-1-carboxylate

3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

diethylthiophosphate

diethylphosphate

dimethylthiophosphate

quercitrin

(S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

selenophosphate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

DNA without lesion

oxalate

oligosaccharide with β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-β-D-xylopyranose at the reducing end

oligosaccharide with β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-α-D-xylopyranose at the reducing end

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

acetoacetate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carbon monoxide

2-iminoacetate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(S)-mandelate

(R)-mandelate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

biuret

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate

squalene

hop-22(29)-ene

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

2-dehydropantoate

hexulose 6-phosphate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

2-hydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)-3-oxopent-1-enyl 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-2,3-dioxopentyl 1-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

3-oxopropanoate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

propanoyl phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

glycolate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

porphobilinogen

prenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

L-selenocystathionine

(2S)-4-acetamido-2-aminobutanoate

ectoine

xanthine

histidinal

histidinol

glycerone phosphate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

succinate semialdehyde

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

formamide

hydrogen peroxide

propionamide

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

acrylamide

acrylate

4-guanidinobutyramide

4-guanidinobutanoate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

coproporphyrinogen III

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

ethylphosphate

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-III

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(S)-ureidoglycine

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

preQ₀

parathion

paraoxon

4-nitrophenol

p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Na⁺

K⁺

Mn²⁺

Mo²⁺

Fe²⁺

hydrogencarbonate

sulfate

nitrate

selenide

selenite

OH^-

superoxide

selenate

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

ferrichrome

glycine betaine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

methanethiol

glutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

phytanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

ethene

(indol-3-yl)acetate

thiamine

nicotinate

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

FAD

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-9

menaquinol-8

menaquinol-10

menaquinol-6

menaquinol-7

menaquinol-12

menaquinol-13

menaquinol-11

demethylmenaquinol-9

demethylmenaquinol-10

demethylmenaquinol-6

demethylmenaquinol-7

demethylmenaquinol-12

demethylmenaquinol-13

demethylmenaquinol-11

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

IMP

XMP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

ADP

GTP

GDP

ATP

AMP

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

GMP

pppGpp

ppGpp

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

hypoxanthine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

adenylo-succinate

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dUTP

dTTP

dCTP

UTP

CTP

dUMP

dCMP

dTMP

UMP

CMP

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

CDP

UDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

ADP-α-D-glucose

preQ₁

uracil

guanine

adenine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

hesperidin

naringin

prunin

hesperitin-7-O-β-D-glucoside

baicalein

6,7-dehydrobaicalein

quercetin

quercetin-3-glucoside

rutin

4-hydroxybenzoate

cyanuric acid

urate

amino-parathion

methyl parathion

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

4-aminophenol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

diacetyl

6-methoxy-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone

3-methyl-6-methoxy-2-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone

methylglyoxal

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-xylopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

ethanol

methanol

glycerol

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

unsaturated gellan tetrasaccharide

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Glcp

raffinose

stachyose

4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

sucrose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

L-fuculose

β-L-fucopyranose

α-L-fucopyranose

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

daunorubicin

D-galactonate

D-mannonate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

betanidin

betanidin quinone

iron(III) dicitrate

allantoate

acetamide

(S)-(+)-allantoin

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

chorismate

L-aspartate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

2-oxobutanoate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

sophorosyloxydocosanoate

13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate

13-[O(2')-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]docosanoate O(6'')-acetate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

stearate

palmitate

oleate

8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate

dinor-12-oxo-phytodienoate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

carbamate

L-serine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-cysteine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-proline

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-alanine

L-valine

L-tryptophan

L-methionine

L-phenylalanine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-alanine

L-cystathionine

L-2,4-diaminobutanoate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline

seleno-L-homocysteine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine