an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

H₂O

oxaloacetate

CO₂

oxalosuccinate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

glycerone phosphate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

phosphoenolpyruvate

coproporphyrinogen III

hydrogen peroxide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

citrate

4-maleyl-acetoacetate

homogentisate

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

porphobilinogen

glycolate

3-mercaptopyruvate

acetoacetate

(R)-10-Hydroxystearate

xanthine

2-maleylacetate

(S)-2-acetolactate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-dehydropantoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

L-selenocystathionine

histidinal

carbon monoxide

2-protocatechuoylphloroglucinolcarboxylate

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

chloramphenicol

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

DNA without lesion

lipid IV_A

glutathionylspermidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

CDP-glycerol

lipid X

4'-phosphopantetheine

urea

(S)-ureidoglycolate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

carbonic acid

N-carbamoylputrescine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

3-phosphooxypyruvate

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

quinolinate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

formamide

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

glutathione disulfide

shikimate

hydrogen selenide

glutathioselenol

selenodiglutathione

4-oxoglutaramate

aminoacetone

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

bisorganyltrisulfane

sulfate

selenate

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

OH^-

selenite

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Mo²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

K⁺

2-chloroacetate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

chloramphenicol 3-acetate

hydrogen cyanide

preQ₀

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

uroporphyrinogen-III

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoheme

phenylacetate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-ornithine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-phenylalanine

L-glutamine

L-tryptophan

L-valine

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-alanine

L-serine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L-tyrosine

L-histidine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-threonine

L-isoglutamine

glycine

β-alanine

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

laurate

acetate

pyruvate

formate

(R)-lactate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

4-aminobenzoate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

palmitate

stearate

oleate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

4-deoxy-β-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-D-N-sulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfate

4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-β-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-D-N-sulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

ethanol

methanol

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

(R)-acetoin

menadione

caldariellaquinone

urate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

(+)-dihydromyricetin

(+)-dihydrokaempferol

(+)-taxifolin

myricetin

quercetin

kaempferol

menadiol

caldariellaquinol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

adenine

guanine

AMP

XMP

GMP

IMP

GTP

ATP

ITP

GDP

ADP

IDP

dADP

dIDP

dGDP

dATP

dITP

dGTP

dGMP

dAMP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

preQ₁

isoguanine

uracil

CTP

UTP

dTMP

dUMP

dUTP

UDP

dCTP

dCDP

CDP

dUDP

dTTP

dTDP

dCMP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

coenzyme A

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

cholate

glycocholate

trans-dienelactone

cis-dienelactone

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

3-methylglutaconyl-CoA

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

isovaleryl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA

phytanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

thiocyanate

glutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

agmatine

spermidine

dehydrospermidine

spermine

putrescine

N¹-acetylspermidine

N¹-acetylspermine

N-acetylputrescine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

hydroxyl radical