an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

L-arginino-succinate

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone

α-D-galacturonate 1-phosphate

H₂O

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

dihydroxyacetone

anthranilate

isopentenyl diphosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

CO₂

hydrogen selenide

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

carbamoyl phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

hydrogen peroxide

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

acetoacetate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

scopolin

cis-coumarinic acid-β-D-glucoside

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

poly(ribitol phosphate)

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

oxaloacetate

2'-(5''-triphospho-α-D-ribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA

citrate

xanthine

thiamine phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

prenyl diphosphate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-dihydroorotate

4-guanidinobutanoate

4-guanidinobutyramide

acrylate

acrylamide

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

propionamide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

glutathione disulfide

3-dehydroquinate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

salicyl alcohol

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

formamide

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

DNA without lesion

pyrazine-2-carboxylate

quinolinate

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

5-hydroxytryptophol

autoinducer 2

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

indole-3-glycol aldehyde

indole-3-glycol

isobutanol

3-methylbutanal

3-methylbutanol

2-methylbutanal

2-methylbutanol

2-phenylethanol

3-keto-β-D-galactose

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

(lipoyl)adenylate

ethanolamine

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

succinate semialdehyde

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

arsenite

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-oleoylglycerol

L-selenocystathionine

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

4-aminobutanoate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

carbon monoxide

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

L-dehydro-ascorbate

4-oxoglutaramate

ammonia

5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protochlorophyllide a

chlorophyllide a

3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

Mg-protoporphyrin

magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

protoheme

hydrogen cyanide

13¹-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

13¹-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

phenylacetate

DNA with lesion

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

glycyl-L-methionine

L-alanyl-L-aspartate

L-alanyl-L-glutamine

L-alanyl-glycine

L-alanyl-L-histidine

L-alanyl-L-leucine

L-alanyl-L-threonine

L-alanyl-L-glutamate

glycyl-L-asparagine

glycyl-L-glutamine

glycyl-L-glutamate

glycyl-L-aspartate

glycyl-L-proline

L-cysteinylglycine

L-alanyl-D-glutamate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-methionyl-L-alanine dipeptide

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

L-serine

L-glutamine

L-proline

L-alanine

glycine

L-leucine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-methionine

L-selenocysteine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-phenylalanine

L-cysteine

L-aspartate

L-ornithine

L-asparagine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-cystathionine

L-isoglutamine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

seleno-L-homocysteine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

AMP

ATP

XMP

IMP

dATP

GTP

dGTP

ADP

GDP

GMP

dADP

dGDP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

pppGpp

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

dGMP

ppGpp

8-oxo-dGMP

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GMP

8-oxo-GTP

dAMP

ADP-D-ribose

GDP-α-D-glucose

GDP-α-D-mannose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galacturonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

adenine

guanine

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dCTP

dUTP

dTTP

UDP

CDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

UTP

CTP

CMP

UMP

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

cytidine

uridine

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

L-gulonate

aldehydo-L-galactonate

D-gluconate

L-idonate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

3'-ketolactose

lotaustralin

taxiphyllin

linamarin

linustatin

neolinustatin

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

L-ascorbate 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

sucrose 6^G-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

α-lactose 6'-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

β-D-fructofuranose

glycolaldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

L-glyceraldehyde

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

glycerol

galactitol

XXXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

β-D-cellobiose

maltotriose

sucrose

allolactose

α-lactose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

XLLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XXLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

4-methylumbelliferone

scopoletin

coumarin

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

geranyl diphosphate

1,2-dibutyrin

tributyrin

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

hydroquinone

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

ethanol

propan-1-ol

phytol

butan-1-ol

methanol

methylglyoxal

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde

phenylacetaldehyde

phytenal

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

1-propanal

isobutanal

butan-1-al

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

aldehydo-D-glucuronate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

butanoate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate

chorismate

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

4-tyrosol

urate

coumarinate

serotonin

N-acetyl-serotonin

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

preQ₀

(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

FAD

FMN

riboflavin

FADH₂

L-ascorbate

thiamine

nicotinate

nicotinamide

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

L-galactono-1,4-lactone

acetyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

pyrazinamide

acetamide

(indol-3-yl)acetate

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

trimethyl sulfonium

thiosulfate

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

phosphate

diphosphate

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

Ca²⁺

Na⁺

H⁺

ammonium

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal

methionol

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

hydroxyl radical

monodehydroascorbate radical